Which President Could Have Been Elected Again

Purported expletive regarding the second term of U.S. presidents

The second-term curse is the perceived tendency of 2d terms of U.Due south. presidents to be less successful than their start terms.^{[ane] [ii]}

According to the curse, the second terms of U.S. presidents accept usually been plagued by a major scandal, policy inertia, some sort of catastrophe, or other issues.^{[3] [4] [5]} There have been twenty-one U.S. presidents who have served a second term,^[vi] each of whom has faced difficulties attributed to the expletive. The legend backside the second-term curse is that after Franklin D. Roosevelt broke the de facto second term limit past running for third and fourth terms, the ghost of George Washington might accept put a curse on any president who seeks a second term.^{[4] [5]} This legend withal, several presidents who served prior to this, including Washington and Roosevelt themselves, were plagued by problems in their 2d term more serious than in their start.^[two]

Whether this perceived trend is real is a bailiwick of dispute: for example, political statistician Nate Silver, after analyzing presidential approving ratings for Harry S. Truman through Barack Obama, did observe that approval ratings were lower on average during 2d terms, merely he likewise constitute a variety of other reasons to explain those ratings, such as regression toward the mean, and he concluded that "the thought of the second-term curse is sloppy equally an belittling concept".^[7] In addition, political writer Michael Barone cited several presidents who had successful 2d terms, and wrote that "second-term problems resulted more than often from the failure to adjust to changed circumstances and unanticipated challenges".^[2] Conversely, a 2013 report in The Economist has said that the existence of the second-term curse is supported past data. The report stated that each of the eleven second terms served from the beginning of the Theodore Roosevelt administration to the terminate of the George W. Bush administration were less economically prosperous than their respective president's first term, salvage for the 2nd terms of Truman, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton.^[8]

Presidents of the curse [edit]

President		2nd term	Attributed outcome(s)
	George Washington	1793–1797	Ramifications of the French Revolutionary Wars[2] Controversy over his signing of the Jay Treaty[one] Fatigue due to political infighting[9]
	Thomas Jefferson	1805–1809	Burr conspiracy[6] Embargo Act of 1807[two]
	James Madison	1813–1817	Burning of Washington[2]
	James Monroe	1821–1825	Congressional rejection of his anti-slavery efforts[6]
	Andrew Jackson	1833–1837	Events in the Depository financial institution War which laid the background for the Panic of 1837[ten]
	Abraham Lincoln	1865	His bump-off[xi]
	Ulysses S. Grant	1873–1877	Panic of 1873[6] Failure of his Reconstruction efforts to uphold the rights of Southern African-Americans[ii] Numerous scandals[nine]
	Grover Cleveland	1893–1897	Personal struggles with oral cancer[eleven] Panic of 1893[6]
	William McKinley	1901	His assassination[2]
	Theodore Roosevelt	1905–1909[note 1]	The U.S. economy was non equally strong every bit it was during his start term[eight]
	Woodrow Wilson	1917–1921	U.S. entry into Globe War I[2] Unpopularity stemming from his refusal to accept reservations to the Treaty of Versailles,[2] leading to the Senate's rejection of the treaty Failure to get the U.S. to join the League of Nations[9] Suffered a stroke[ix] Controversy over the Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918 First Red Scare The U.Southward. economy was not every bit stiff as it was during his beginning term[8]
	Calvin Coolidge	1925–1929[note 1]	The U.S. economy was not as potent every bit information technology was during his first term[8] Smashing Mississippi Overflowing of 1927
	Franklin D. Roosevelt	1937–1941	Failure of the "court-packing plan"[1] The U.S. economy was not as strong as it was during his first term[viii]
	Harry South. Truman	1949–1953[annotation 1]	Korean War[12] Controversy over the aftermath of the Loss of China, leading to The Second Red Scare Controversy over order to seize and operate the nation's steel mills Controversy over his Relief of Full general Douglas MacArthur[13]
	Dwight D. Eisenhower	1957–1961	Overcoat scandal[one] 1960 U-two incident[one] [5] The U.S. economy was not every bit strong as information technology was during his first term[8]
	Lyndon B. Johnson	1965–1969[note i]	Vietnam War[12] Reaction to the Smashing Club[12] Urban riots and the Kerner Commission[12] Loss of Wisconsin main to Eugene McCarthy[6] The U.S. economy was not as strong as it was during his first term[eight]
	Richard Nixon	1973–1974[note 2]	Watergate scandal and subsequent resignation[4] [12] The U.South. economy was non as strong as it was during his showtime term[8]
	Ronald Reagan	1985–1989	Islamic republic of iran–Contra affair[1] [four] Failed Supreme Court nominations of Robert Bork and Douglas H. Ginsburg
	Bill Clinton	1997–2001	Paula Jones lawsuit[seven] Lewinsky scandal and subsequent impeachment[1] [4] Pardon controversy[14]
	George W. Bush	2005–2009	Failure of Social Security reform[3] Hurricane Katrina[15] Indictment of Scooter Libby during the Plame affair[xiii] Financial crisis of 2007–2008[16]
	Barack Obama	2013–2017	Edward Snowden leaks[xiv] Usa federal government shutdown of 2013[xi] IRS targeting controversy[17] David Petraeus' guilty plea[eighteen] Failed Supreme Court nomination of Merrick Garland.[19]

See also [edit]

• Curse of Tippecanoe

Notes [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d} Was serving his first full term after finishing out the term of his predecessor, who died in function.
2. ^ Became the kickoff president to resign the role

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g} Clymer, Adam (November 7, 2012). "Triumphant Obama Faces New Foe in '2d-Term Curse'". The New York Times . Retrieved Nov 9, 2012.
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f thou h i j} Barone, Michael (January 20, 2013). "Unlucky (Lame) Ducks?". The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved December 5, 2016.
3. ^ ^{a b} Fournier, Ron (November half-dozen, 2012). "5 Reasons Why Obama and Romney Will Get No Mandate". National Journal. Archived from the original on November 8, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} Susan Page; Judy Keen (October 31, 2005). "Bush sets out to salvage 2nd term". USA Today . Retrieved July 23, 2017.
5. ^ ^{a b c} Duberstein, Kenneth M. (October 29, 2005). "Breaking the 2nd-term curse". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved November nine, 2012.
6. ^ ^{a b c d due east f} Lehrman, Robert A. (January 19, 2013). "Obama's second term: What history says to expect". The Christian Science Monitor . Retrieved December six, 2016.
7. ^ ^{a b} Silver, Nate (May 16, 2013). "Is There Really a Second-Term Expletive?". The New York Times . Retrieved May 19, 2013. My view, so, is that the idea of the 2d-term curse is sloppy as an belittling concept. There is certainly a historical tendency for presidents who earn a second term to become less pop — but some of this reflects reversion to the mean. And some recent presidents have overcome the supposed curse and really become more popular on average during their 2d terms.
8. ^ ^{a b c d e f one thousand h} "2d-term blues". The Economist. January 26, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
9. ^ ^{a b c d} Akhil Reed Amar (January–February 2013). "2nd Chances". The Atlantic . Retrieved December 6, 2016.
10. ^ Henningsen, Vic (Jan 21, 2013). "Henningsen: Second Term Curse". Vermont Public Radio. Retrieved December vi, 2016.
11. ^ ^{a b c} Cornwell, Rupert (November 2, 2013). "The curse of the 2nd term hovers over hapless President Obama". The Independent . Retrieved December 5, 2016.
12. ^ ^{a b c d e} Broder, David (January xx, 2005). "Fending Off the 'Second-Term Expletive'". The Washington Post . Retrieved November 9, 2012.
13. ^ ^{a b} Hickey, Walt (February 18, 2013). "Lookout Out, Obama: Second Terms Have Been Tainted Past Scandal". Business Insider . Retrieved September iii, 2019.
14. ^ ^{a b} Hughes, Brian (July xix, 2014). "The x worst second-term moments for presidents since Richard Nixon". The Washington Examiner . Retrieved December 18, 2016.
15. ^ "Like Predecessors, Bush-league Has Second-Term Blues". The Wall Street Journal. Oct 29, 2005. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
16. ^ Kurtz, Howard (May 14, 2013). "Obama's 2nd-term curse? Non and then fast". CNN. Retrieved Dec 19, 2017.
17. ^ Pianin, Eric (October 22, 2014). "While Obama Skulks Around, Hillary Rides a Crest of Popularity". The Fiscal Times . Retrieved December 5, 2016.
18. ^ Harwood, John (January 6, 2016). "Avoiding the Dreaded 'Second-Term Curse'". The New York Times . Retrieved December 5, 2016.
19. ^ Elving, Ron (June 29, 2018). "What Happened With Merrick Garland In 2022 And Why It Matters Now". NPR. Retrieved December 24, 2021.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second-term_curse

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